1. What do you mean by analysis and design?
Answer: Analysis:
Basically, it is the process of determining what needs to be done before how it should be done. In order to accomplish this, the developer refers the existing systems and documents. So, simply it is an art of discovery.
Design:
It is the process of adopting/choosing the one among the many, which best accomplishes the users needs. So, simply, it is compromising mechanism.
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2. What are the steps involved in designing?
Answer: Before getting into the design the designer should go through the SRS prepared
by the System Analyst.
The main tasks of design are Architectural Design and Detailed Design.
In Architectural Design we find what are the main modules in the problem
domain.
In Detailed Design we find what should be done within each module.
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3. What are the main underlying concepts of object orientation?
Answer: Objects, messages, class, inheritance and polymorphism are the main concepts of object orientation.
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4. What do u meant by "SBI" of an object?
Answer: SBI stands for State, Behavior and Identity. Since every object has the above
three.
Ø State:
It is just a value to the attribute of an object at a particular time.
Ø Behaviour:
It describes the actions and their reactions of that object.
Ø Identity:
An object has an identity that characterizes its own existence. The identity
makes it possible to distinguish any object in an unambiguous way, and independently
from its state.
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5. Differentiate persistent & non-persistent objects?
Answer: Persistent refers to an object's ability to transcend time or space. A persistent
object stores/saves its state in a permanent storage system with out losing the information
represented by the object.
A non-persistent object is said to be transient or ephemeral. By default objects are
considered as non-persistent.
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6. What do you meant by active and passive objects?
Answer: Active objects are one which instigate an interaction which owns a thread and
they are responsible for handling control to other objects. In simple words it can be
referred as client.
Passive objects are one, which passively waits for the message to be processed. It
waits for another object that requires its services. In simple words it can be referred as
server.
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7. What is meant by software development method?
Answer: Software development method describes how to model and build software systems in a reliable and reproducible way. To put it simple, methods that are used to represent ones' thinking using graphical notations.
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8. What are models and meta models?
Answer: Model:
It is a complete description of something (i.e. system).
Meta model:
It describes the model elements, syntax and semantics of the notation that
allows their manipulation.
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9. What do you meant by static and dynamic modeling?
Answer: Static modeling is used to specify structure of the objects that exist in the problem
domain. These are expressed using class, object and USECASE diagrams.
But Dynamic modeling refers representing the object interactions during runtime.
It is represented by sequence, activity, collaboration and statechart diagrams.
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10. How to represent the interaction between the modeling elements?
Answer: Model element is just a notation to represent (Graphically) the entities that exist
in the problem domain. e.g. for modeling element is class notation, object notation etc.
Relationships are used to represent the interaction between the modeling
elements.
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11. Differentiate Aggregation and containment?
Answer: Aggregation is the relationship between the whole and a part. We can add/subtract
some properties in the part (slave) side. It won't affect the whole part.
Best example is Car, which contains the wheels and some extra parts. Even
though the parts are not there we can call it as car.
But, in the case of containment the whole part is affected when the part within
that got affected. The human body is an apt example for this relationship. When the
whole body dies the parts (heart etc) are died
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12. Can link and Association applied interchangeably?
Answer: No, You cannot apply the link and Association interchangeably. Since link is used
represent the relationship between the two objects.
But Association is used represent the relationship between the two classes.
link :: student:sangram course:MCA
Association:: s tudent c o u r se
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13. what is meant by "method-wars"?
Answer: B e fore 1994 there were different methodologies like Rumbaugh, Booch,
Jacobson, Meyer etc who followed their own notations to model the systems. The
developers were in a dilemma to choose the method which best accomplishes their needs.
This particular span was called as "method-wars"
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14. Whether unified method and unified modeling language are same or different?
Answer: Unified method is convergence of the Rumbaugh and Booch.
Unified modeling lang. is the fusion of Rumbaugh, Booch and Jacobson as well
as Betrand Meyer (whose contribution is "sequence diagram"). Its' the superset of all the
methodologies.
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15. Who were the three famous amigos and what was their contribution to the object community?
Answer: The Three amigos namely,
Ø James Rumbaugh (OMT): A veteran in analysis who came up with an idea about the objects and their Relationships (in particular Associations).
Ø Grady Booch: A veteran in design who came up with an idea about partitioning of
systems into subsystems.
Ø Ivar Jacobson (Objectory): The father of USECASES, who described about the user
and system interaction.
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16. What is an USECASE? Why it is needed?
Answer: A Use Case is a description of a set of sequence of actions that a system performs
that yields an observable result of value to a particular action.
In SSAD process <=> In OOAD USECASE. It is represented elliptically.
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17. Who is an Actor?
Answer: An Actor is someone or something that must interact with the system.In addition
to that an Actor initiates the process(that is USECASE).
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18. What is guard condition?
Answer: Guard condition is one, which acts as a firewall. The access from a particular
object can be made only when the particular condition is met.
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19. Differentiate the following notations?
Answer: I: :obj1 :o b j 2
II: :obj1 : o bj 2
In the above representation I, obj1 sends message to obj2. But in the case of II the
data is transferred from obj1 to obj2.
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20. USECASE is an implementation independent notation. How will the designer give the
implementation details of a particular USECASE to the programmer?
Answer: This can be accomplished by specifying the relationship called "refinement”
which talks about the two different abstraction of the same thing.
Or example,
calculate pay calculate
class1 cl ass2 cla ss3
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21. Why does the function arguments are called as "signatures"?
Answer: The arguments distinguish functions with the same name (functional
polymorphism). The name alone does not necessarily identify a unique function.
However, the name and its arguments (signatures) will uniquely identify a function.
In real life we see suppose, in class there are two guys with same name, but they
can be easily identified by their signatures. The same concept is applied here.
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